"The perception of multiple and varied situations, but with an unexpected and homogeneous development in the time, may be the basis of new developments in the present state of my research. In fact, my interest is not to create, let's do a sort of show with the only purpose of a variation to infinity and not even to repeat previously programmed temporary sequences. I seek to deepen an aspect of profoundly attractive reality: the state of instability, to find it in its nature it is necessary to treat it with the most possible dematerialized elements. "
[Paris, March 1962]
Julio Le Parc
 
 
1960

Foundation of the Visual Arts Research Center, which concretizes, gives shape, organizes and develops a comparison of experiences and ideas. The foundation act is signed by: Demarco, Garcia Miranda, Garcia Rossi, Le Parc, Molnar, Morellet, Mayan, Servanes, Sobrino, Stein, Yvaral.
First collective texts. Presentation of experiences, debates.

1961

The Center becomes a Group. Several artists abandon the project.
First text of the GRAV_Guild of Visual Art Research, "Propositions sur le mouvement" and on the occasion of the Paris Biennale, distribution of the brochure: "Assez de mystifications"; second presentation of the group at its Atelier, meetings, discussions and publications of the text: Propositions générales, signed by Garcia Rossi, Le Parc, Morellet, Sobrino, Stein, Yvaral, final members of the group.

1962

First group exhibitions, surveys, public debates and meetings with members of the "N" group in Padua, of the "T" group in Milan and of other artists who carry out parallel research with GRAV, among them Enzo Mari and Von Graevenitz, as the critic Mestrovitch. With them, the idea of ??"Nouvelle Tendance" as an international movement takes shape in meetings and discussions. Participation of GRAV at the exhibition "Programmed Arte" in Italy. Travel to New York for the first GRAV show in the United States. Meetings with other Latin American artists during the exhibition "Latin American Art in Paris".

1963

Several GRAV events under the title: "Instability". The first labyrinth of the group at the Paris Biennale. Le Parc participates, on behalf of the group, at the International Art Critics' Congress in Rimini, where he presents the "Proposition pour un lieu d'activation". New text titled "Assez de mystifications". Journey to Zagreb on the occasion of the "New Tendencies" exhibition; meetings with most exhibitors, discussions and organization of the NT as an international movement. Proposals of mazes, path experiences, early games. Works of great size (Paris Biennale).

1964

Nouvelle Tendence artists' meetings with a view to the organization of a major event in Paris, during which Le Parc, Morellet and Stein will create a labyrinth. Proposed to the GRAV to realize "A trip dans la rue". Journey to Argentina and Brazil for the GRAV exhibitions on "Instability": meetings, debates, discussions, etc.
1965
Realization of the "Third Labyrinthe" in New York. Publication of the text "Stop-Art". Realization at a Biennale in Paris of a playroom where the spectator is the recipient and the determinant subject of the proposed situations. Development of game themes, moving mirrors, gambling halls, surprise combinations, walking shoes in different ways, binoculars to see differently, etc.

1966

Realization in Paris of: "A jour dans la rue", which begins at eight o'clock in the morning and ends at midnight despite the intervention of the police. This experience, scheduled in 1964, involved the presentation of several elements that, combined or not, caused different situations every two hours in various places in the capital. There was also a GRAV text, day schedule and an investigation.
Personal room at the Venice Biennale: Le Parc obtains the International Painting Gran Prix.
GRAV text on "Multiples" theme.
Presentation of the group at the Kunst Licht Kunst exhibition in Eindhoven.

1967

Second trip to Latin America for a retrospective of the group. Meetings, debates, exchanges of ideas, discussions, statements, interviews, etc. Realization of "Anti-Voiture". Realization of a variable volume path, in Paris.
Le Parc is awarded the title of Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by André Malraux, French Minister for Cultural Affairs.

1968

Great show of GRAV in Dortmund in Germany, titled "A recherche of a nouveau spectateur", with a large play room and a break in the rue with play elements and the "Anti-machine".
Realization of collective works: one entitled "Variations sur l'escalade", in Buffalo; a second in Saint-Paul de-Vence "Oeuvre pénétrable", and another in Grenoble.
In these collective works, the spectator is always the primary element: he, with his participation, makes a sense of what is proposed to him. The group completes the draft of a book about its activities, reflections, texts, achievements, etc.
French May: general controversy. Popular atelier of posters. Le Parc is expelled from France along with others; travels to many European countries, with Enzo Mari. Send a telegram to Documenta to withdraw its attendance. Five months later, the expulsion measure is suspended thanks to multiple actions and claims of the cultural world: Le Parc returns to Paris.
Analysis texts, including "Demystifier l'art". Analysis and discussions about the behavior and the figure of the artist.
GRAV Dissolution.

GRAV exhibition from birth to its dissolution (1960-1968)

1960

Antagonisme. Palais du Louvre, Paris.
Atelier G.R.A.V. Paris.

1961

Atelier G.R.A.V. Paris.
Art Cinétique. Musée d'art Moderne de Stockholm; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
Carnegie International. Pittsburgh.
Nouvelle Tendance. Musée d'art Moderne, Zagreb.
Art Abstrait Construit International. Galerie Denise René, Paris.
G.R.A.V. Galerie Denise René, Paris.
Structures Galerie Denise René, Paris.
Peinture Moderne Argentine. Musée des Beaux-arts et Archéologie, Boulogne-sur-Mer.

1962

L'Art Latino-Americain à Paris. Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
31 Gestalter Einer Totalen Visuelen Synthèse. Galerie d'art Moderne, Bale, Suisse
30 Argentins de la Nouvelle Génération. Galerie Creuze, Paris.
Arte Programmata. Olivetti: Milan et Rome, Galerie Vittorio Emanuelle, Venise.
Punto 3. Galerie Della Palma, Milan.
Painting and Sculpture Acquisitions. The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Punto 2. Palacio de la Virreina, Barcelone.
Instabilité. G.R.A.V., Maison des Beaux-Arts, Paris; Galerie du Groupe N. Padoue, Italie, Galerie Danese, Milan; Galerie The Contemporaries, New
York.
Sculpture Contemporaine. Musée du Havre.
Anno 62. Rotterdam.
Art Spectacle. Galerie socio-expérimentale, Paris.
Anti-Peintures. Hessenhuis, Anvers.
Art Construit. Musée Schloss Monsbroich, Leverkeusen.
Le Domaine Poétique. Galerie du Fleuve Accompagnement visuel de Le Parc et Yvaral.

1963

Instabilité. G.R.A.V., Galerie Menvielle, Paris.
Recherches visuelles de Le Parc, Sobrino, Yvaral. Galerie Aujourd'hui, Bruxelles.
Salon Comparaisons. Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
L'art a beaucoup de facettes. Houston, Texas.
Cinétisme et Sculpture. Galerie Hella Nebelung, Dusseldorf.
Science-fiction. ORTF, Unesco, Paris.
Mostra di Ricersa de Arte Visiva. Galerie Cadario, Milan.
Panorama de la Nouvelle Tendance. Galerie Amstel, Amsterdam.
Exposer à Trois Galerie Creuze, Paris.
Esquisse d'un Salon. Galerie Denise René, Paris.
Ricersa di Arte Visiva Galerie La Bussola, Turin.
L'lnstabilité G,R.A.V., Casino de Knokke-le-Zoute, Bruxelles.
Les Questions Galerie socioexperimentale, Paris.
L'lnstabilité. G.R A.V., Rio de Janeiro.
Naissance d'un Art Nouveau. Galerie Argos, Nantes.
L'Art Argentin Actuel. Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Esquisse d'un Salon. Copenhague.
1er Salon International de Galeries Pilote. Lausanne.
IVe Biennale Internazionale d'Arte. Palazzo del Kursal, San Marino.
Nove Tendencije 2. Musée d'art Moderne, Zagreb.
Biennale de Paris. Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Nouvelle Tendance. Venise.
Comparaisones de Tendances. Galerie Veneto, Buenos Aires.

1964

Mouvement. Galerie Denise René, Paris.
Nouvelle Tendance. Palais du Louvre, Paris.
Le Parc, Sobrino. Galerie Ad Libitum, Anvers.
On The Move. Galerie Howard Wise, New York.
Art Cinetique. Galerie Gimper Hannover, Zurich.
L'lnstabilité. G R.A.V., Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires.
New Art from Argentine. Walker Art Center, Minneapolis.
The Akron Art Institute. Atlanta Art Association.
L'lnstabilité. G.R.A.V., Sao Paulo.
L'lnstabilité. G.R.A.V., Brasilia.
Opening Exhibitions. Centre d'art Contemporain, Cincinatti.
Le Mouvement. Galerie Hannover, Londres.
Painting and Sculpture of a Decade 54-64. Calouste Guldenkian Foundation, Tate Gallery, Londres.
XXXlle Biennale de Venise.
Documenta III. Kassel.
Prix Di Tella. Buenos Aires.
L' Aujourd'hui de Demain. Musée d'Arras.
Ile Biennale Américaine d'art. Cordoba.

1965

Labyrinthe 3. G.R.A.V., Galerie The Contemporaries, New York.
Art et Mouvement. Musée de Tel Aviv.
Perpetuum Mobile. Galerie l'Obelisco, Rome.
Le Merveilleux Moderne. Lunds Kunsthalle.
The Buffalo Festival of the Arts Today. Albright Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo.
The Responsive Eye. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
City Art. Musée de la Biennale de Sao Paulo, Saint Louis, Musée d'art de Pasadena, Musée de Baltimore.
Collection MAT. Galerie Der Spiegel, Cologne.
Biennale de Paris. Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Lumière, Mouvement et Optique. Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles.
Licht und Bewegung. Kunsthalle, Berne.
Sigma, Art et Tendances Contemporaines. Bordeaux.
Artistes latino-américains de Paris. Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Acquisitions Récentes. Musée d'art Moderne, New York.
Argentine dans le Monde. Fondation Di Tella, Buenos Aires.
Espaces de l'Art Abstrait. Musée d Art Moderne, Bruxelles.
Garde Robe. Arcueil.
New Art Of Argentina. Atlanta Art Association;The University Art Museum, Texas.

1966

Structure et Mouvement Galerie Denise René, Paris.
Bianco + Bianco. Galerie l'Obelisco, Rome.
Salon Comparaisons. Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Art with Optical Traction. Des Moines Art Center.
International Kinetic Show. Galerie Ad Libitum, Anvers.
Art Cinetique. Houston, Texas.
G.R.A.V., Une Journée dans la rue. Paris.
Weiss-Struktur. Kunsthalle, Berne.
Salon Nouvelles Réalités. Paris.
Salon Grands et Jeunes. Paris.
Kinetic and Programmed Art. Museum of Art, Rhode Island.
Le Parc représente l'Argentine à la Biennale de Venise (Grand Prix de Peinture), Sigma, Bordeaux.
Licht und Bewegung, Stabliche Kunstale. Baden-Baden.
G.R.A.V. Galerie Indica, Londres.
Personnelle. Galerie Denise René, Rive Droite et Rive Gauche.
Personnelle. Galerie Howard Wise, New York.
Personnelle. Op Art Galerie, Esslingen.

1967

Aspects de l'Art Contemporain. ORTF, Paris.
La Luce. Galerie l'Obelisco, Rome.
Lightin Orbit. Galerie Howard Wise, New York.
La Nouvelle Tendance. Galerie II Cenobio, Milan.
Exposition Mondiale de Montréal. Pavillon Français, 2 oeuvres murales.
Light, Motive, Space. Walker Art Center, Minneapolis.
Réalités Nouvelles. Paris.
Salon de Mai. Paris.
La Nuova Tendenza. Studio 2 B. Bergame.
Lumière et Couleur. Kunsthalle, Nuremberg.
Dix Ans d'art Vivant 5556. Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence.
Lumière et Mouvement, Art Cinétique à Paris. Musée d'art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Art Cinetique. K4, Brighton.
Focus on Light. The New Jersey State Museum.
Vom Konstruktivismes zur Kinetik. Galerie Denise René-Hans Mayer, Krefeld.
Salon de Mai à Cuba.
Volumes, Lumières. Chateau d'Ancy-le Franc.
Art pour la Paix au Vietnam. Paris.
Sommerausstellung 1967. Galerie Aktuell, Berne.
Kinetica. Musée du XXe siècle, Vienne.
Edition 1 = 100. Galerie Denise René, Paris.
Carnegie International. Pittsburgh.
Luminism. Willoughby Sharp, George Washington Hotel, New York.
IXe Biennale de Sao Pablo.
Festival dei Due Mondi. Spoleto.
Studio 2 B. Bergame, Italie.
Multiples. Sigma, Bordeaux.
Table d'Orientation pour une Sculpture d'Aujourd'hui. Galerie Crezevault, Paris.
Let There Be Light. Exhibition IV, Mr Mrs. Malcolm Forbes, New York.
Penalba, Le Parc, Segui, Gutierrez. Galerie St. Laurent du Pont.
De Mondrian au Cinétisme. Galerie Denise René, Paris.
Multiples. Knokke-le-Zoute.
Lumière et Mouvement. Worcester Art Museum. USA
Art pour l'Architecture. Galerie Denise René -Hans Mayer, Krefeld.
Licht Bewegung. Kunsthalle, Nurenberg.
From Constructivism to Kinetic Art. Galerie London Arts, Detroit, Michigan.
APersonnelle. Halfmamshof, Gelsenleirchen.
Personnelle. Galerie Françoise Mayer, Bruxelles.
Personnelle. Galerie Howard Wise, New York.
Rétrospective. Instituto Di Tella, Buenos Aires.
Retrospective. General Electric, Montevideo.
Retrospective. Musée d'art Moderne de Caracas.
Retrospective. Asuncion

1968

G.R.A.V. Participation. Musée d'Ostwall, Dortmund.
Sortie dans la rue. Marktplatz, Dormund.
IXe Salon Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui. Paris.
Art Cinétique et Espace. Maison de la Culture, Le Havre.
Art Cinétique. Musée de Louviers, Louviers.
Plus = Minus, Festival d'art d'Aujourd'hui. Albright Knox Art Gallery.
Denise René à Londres. Redfern Gallery, Londres.
Op Kunst. Kunternes Hus, Oslo.
Art 68. Château Ancy-le-Franc.
Art Vivant 1965-1968. Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence.
Pavillon Français à l'Exposition Internationale de San Antonio.
Silence du Mouvement. Rijksmuseum Kroller, Muller.
Cinétisme, Espace, Environnement. Maison de la Culture de Grenoble.
Kunst Forum Gohrde. Niedersachen.
Klub Konkretistu. Prague.
Environments. Kunsthalle, Berne.
Le Musée dans l'Usine. Fondation Peter Stuyvesant.
Art Electric. Galerie Françoise Mayer, Bruxelles.
12 Leading Modern Artists. Galerie Denise René -Hans Mayer, Krefeld.
Exhibition Fun on 57th Street. Galerie Howard Wise, New York.
Light and Motion. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Art in Editions: New Approaches. New York University, Loeb Student Center, New York.
Art Cinétique. Musée Municipal des Sables-d'Olonne.
Rétrospective. Palais des Beaux-Arts de Mexico.
Personnelle. Galerie Buchholz, Munich; Galerie im Osram-Hans, Munich.
Personnelle. Punta del Este. Uruguay
Personnelle. Galerie Grises, Bilbao.
Personnelle. Galerie d'Arte Naviglio 2, Milan.
Rétrospective. Palais des Beaux-Arts. Mexic